Dar Al Taqwa is a London publishing house, established in 1985 specializing in work on the teachings and practice of Islam, by recognized Muslim Scholars.
We offer a number of services targeting mainly English and Arabic speakers in the UK and world wide.

We supply books all over the world primarily to our distibutors and other booksellers. With their help our company is recognised for the high standard quality of books as well as its authenticity. (according to the Quran and Sunnah)

Translated by Mostafa Al Badawi
Included in this volume are questions pertaining exclusively to Sufism, such as those concerning the Pole of Time and the Circle of Saints, the Afrad- who are the solitary saints said by some to be outside the jurisdiction of the Pole and in direct contact with al-Khidr, the definition of the siddiq, that of the majdhub, the states of extinction and subsistence, various technical points concerning the relationship between the master and the novice, Sufi courtesy with God and His saints, the worlds of Mulk, Malakut, Jabarut, and Lahut, which are the degrees of universal existence, and how to deal with obscure passages in the works of such esoteric writers as Ibn Arabi. There are also questions of a more general tenor, such as those concerning the degrees of the Garden and its gates, the merits of recitation of the Qur’an over awrad, the respective merits and courtesies of poverty and wealth, and of fame and obscurity, the offering of the rewards of certain acts of worship to the spirits of the dead, sins committed in Ramadan when devils are shackled, and the causes of the civil wars that Ali ibn Abi-Talib was forced to wage.It will be noticed how the Imam curtly sweeps aside anything that has no direct bearing on the traveler’s path. Questions devoid of practical value are pitilessly dismissed in a summary manner and the reader is firmly reoriented to what is of immediate benefit to him. Sufi masters have always been most reluctant to discourse openly about Divine secrets, knowing that such discourse causes much confusion and frequently leads novices into believing or pretending they have reached that which they have not. The Imam, however, allowed himself more freedom in letters addressed to his scholarly disciples- extracts of which constitute this volume- than in books.
You can order by emailing us at Sales@daraltaqwa.com 
£15.99+ £3 P&P

Translated by Mostafa Al Badawi

Included in this volume are questions pertaining exclusively to Sufism, such as those concerning the Pole of Time and the Circle of Saints, the Afrad- who are the solitary saints said by some to be outside the jurisdiction of the Pole and in direct contact with al-Khidr, the definition of the siddiq, that of the majdhub, the states of extinction and subsistence, various technical points concerning the relationship between the master and the novice, Sufi courtesy with God and His saints, the worlds of Mulk, Malakut, Jabarut, and Lahut, which are the degrees of universal existence, and how to deal with obscure passages in the works of such esoteric writers as Ibn Arabi. There are also questions of a more general tenor, such as those concerning the degrees of the Garden and its gates, the merits of recitation of the Qur’an over awrad, the respective merits and courtesies of poverty and wealth, and of fame and obscurity, the offering of the rewards of certain acts of worship to the spirits of the dead, sins committed in Ramadan when devils are shackled, and the causes of the civil wars that Ali ibn Abi-Talib was forced to wage.

It will be noticed how the Imam curtly sweeps aside anything that has no direct bearing on the traveler’s path. Questions devoid of practical value are pitilessly dismissed in a summary manner and the reader is firmly reoriented to what is of immediate benefit to him. Sufi masters have always been most reluctant to discourse openly about Divine secrets, knowing that such discourse causes much confusion and frequently leads novices into believing or pretending they have reached that which they have not. The Imam, however, allowed himself more freedom in letters addressed to his scholarly disciples- extracts of which constitute this volume- than in books.

You can order by emailing us at Sales@daraltaqwa.com 

£15.99+ £3 P&P

NEW BOOK!! 

Interfaith dialogue
A guide for Muslims 
Muhammed Shafiq & Mohammed Abu - Nimer 

£10.95 + £2 P&P 


Islam recognizes a plurality of faiths and asks Muslims to respect others, and Muslims are responding to this call enthusiastically. Like their predecessors, many contemporary Muslims are eager to promote interfaith dialogue. But in order to do so effectively, they need to understand the challenges that face them in relating to other faith groups. This guide is an educational initiative to clarify misconceptions by introducing interfaith dialogue as it is defined in its contemporary usage.

NEW BOOK!!

Interfaith dialogue
A guide for Muslims
Muhammed Shafiq & Mohammed Abu - Nimer

£10.95 + £2 P&P


Islam recognizes a plurality of faiths and asks Muslims to respect others, and Muslims are responding to this call enthusiastically. Like their predecessors, many contemporary Muslims are eager to promote interfaith dialogue. But in order to do so effectively, they need to understand the challenges that face them in relating to other faith groups. This guide is an educational initiative to clarify misconceptions by introducing interfaith dialogue as it is defined in its contemporary usage.

This publication outlines the need for Muslims to re-focus on the reason for fasting in the month of Ramadan, Due to many decades, if not centuries of confusing tradition and customs with Islamic principles, the perceived purpose of Ramadan has changed. This book outlines what is needed to be done to re-establish the close connection with Allah, The practice of eating exotic, extravagant foods and of over-eating takes away the spirituality that we desparately need during this holy month. This book is intended to read well before Ramadan, to initiate the changes required for a spiritually rearding Ramadan. A comprehensive work, chapters include: preparing for Ramadan, exercises in Ramadan, physical benefits of performing tarawih prayer, harmful foods, medical benefits of fasting, fasting and losing weight, Diabetes & other illnesses and fasting, psycho-sociological benefits of fasting, oral hygiene in Ramadan, menstruation in Ramadan, and also a few helpful recipes for Ramadan, and more. The author, Dr Farouk Haffejee, is a family physician with many years of experience in Australia and South Africa. 
£7.95 + £2 P&P Email us: sales@daraltaqwa.com 

This publication outlines the need for Muslims to re-focus on the reason for fasting in the month of Ramadan, Due to many decades, if not centuries of confusing tradition and customs with Islamic principles, the perceived purpose of Ramadan has changed. This book outlines what is needed to be done to re-establish the close connection with Allah, The practice of eating exotic, extravagant foods and of over-eating takes away the spirituality that we desparately need during this holy month. This book is intended to read well before Ramadan, to initiate the changes required for a spiritually rearding Ramadan. 

A comprehensive work, chapters include: preparing for Ramadan, exercises in Ramadan, physical benefits of performing tarawih prayer, harmful foods, medical benefits of fasting, fasting and losing weight, Diabetes & other illnesses and fasting, psycho-sociological benefits of fasting, oral hygiene in Ramadan, menstruation in Ramadan, and also a few helpful recipes for Ramadan, and more. 

The author, Dr Farouk Haffejee, is a family physician with many years of experience in Australia and South Africa. 

£7.95 + £2 P&P Email us: sales@daraltaqwa.com 

Source: daraltaqwa.com

Ameena’s Ramadan Diary
Junior Marketing Executive Ameena is determined to make this upcoming Ramadan a real success - easier said than done with demanding job and siblings that regularly test her patience. But good advice from a sheikh, support from her friends and a strong plan, she’s certainly on the right track to getting what she wants out of the Holy month.Ameena’s ramadan Diary starts in late Rajab as Ameena begins her preparation for Ramadan. Every day before, during and after Ramadan, Ameena writes her diary entries taking you through everything from family related matters to do’s and don’ts of worship.Packed full of practical hints and tips and inspiring quotes from the Qur’an and hadith, Ameena’s Ramadan Diary is the perfect companion for anybody who is looking to make the most out of Ramadan

£3.95 + £2 P&P email us at: sales@daraltaqwa.com and we can send you a link for payment!! Easy! 

Ameena’s Ramadan Diary

Junior Marketing Executive Ameena is determined to make this upcoming Ramadan a real success - easier said than done with demanding job and siblings that regularly test her patience. But good advice from a sheikh, support from her friends and a strong plan, she’s certainly on the right track to getting what she wants out of the Holy month.

Ameena’s ramadan Diary starts in late Rajab as Ameena begins her preparation for Ramadan. Every day before, during and after Ramadan, Ameena writes her diary entries taking you through everything from family related matters to do’s and don’ts of worship.

Packed full of practical hints and tips and inspiring quotes from the Qur’an and hadith, Ameena’s Ramadan Diary is the perfect companion for anybody who is looking to make the most out of Ramadan


£3.95 + £2 P&P email us at: sales@daraltaqwa.com and we can send you a link for payment!! Easy! 

Source: daraltaqwaonline.com

£4.99 + £2 POSTAGE AND PACKAGING
email us at: sales@daraltaqwa.com
The Blessed Imam & Wretched YazeedAn Analysis of the Two Characters in the Tragedy of KarbalaTranslator: Muhammad Sajid YounusPublisher: True Islam PublicationsLess than 50 years after the Beloved Prophet’s, Salla Allahu ta’ala ‘alayhi wa Sallam’s, passing away, in the year 61 Hijri, his beloved grandson Sayyadina Husayn, was callously murdered alongwith his family and freinds, including his six month old son. After being taken prisioners and their veils ripped-off, the grand-daughters of the Beloved Prophet, Salla Allahu ta’ala ‘alayhi wa Sallam, were paraded through the streets. Then the Prophet’s sacred City of Madinah was attacked, companions and their offspring were murdered and their houses looted. The pure and chaste women of the Prophet, Salla Allahu ta’ala ‘alayhi wa Sallam’s, neighbourhood were raped and the Prophet, Salla Allahu ta’ala ‘alayhi wa Sallam’s, Mosque was defacated such that no prayer took place therein for three days. After that the same army beseiged and attacked Makkah, the sacred sanctuary, and the Ka’aba was stoned and its cloth set on fire.All of this was not perpetrated by a foreign or warring infidel army, but was the work of the supposed Islamic army of the ‘Caliph’ Yazeed. For these shameful and despicable acts Yazeed has been admonished and vilified throughout Islamic history. Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal said ”Can anyone who believes in Allah have Yazeed as a friend?!”However with a lack of historical knowledge amongst the Muslims some have recently tried to rewrite it and present Yazeed in a positive light and criticise Imam Husayn, May Allah be pleased with him.This book aims to provide comprehensive evidence and rebukes any such misconception so ensuring the ordinary Muslim does not fall prey to these vile attempts and stays upon the teachings of the pious predecessors.‘The Blessed Imam and the Wretched Yazeed’ analyses the character of Imam Husayn, Radi Allahu ta’ala anhu, and Yazeed and aims to provide the authentic Ahl as-Sunnah w’al-Jama’atviewpoint on the issue.  This is a translation of the famous Urdu book ‘Imam Paak aur Yazeed Pleedh

£4.99 + £2 POSTAGE AND PACKAGING

email us at: sales@daraltaqwa.com

The Blessed Imam & Wretched Yazeed
An Analysis of the Two Characters in the Tragedy of Karbala
Translator: Muhammad Sajid Younus
Publisher: True Islam Publications

Less than 50 years after the Beloved Prophet’s, Salla Allahu ta’ala ‘alayhi wa Sallam’s, passing away, in the year 61 Hijri, his beloved grandson Sayyadina Husayn, was callously murdered alongwith his family and freinds, including his six month old son. After being taken prisioners and their veils ripped-off, the grand-daughters of the Beloved Prophet, Salla Allahu ta’ala ‘alayhi wa Sallam, were paraded through the streets. Then the Prophet’s sacred City of Madinah was attacked, companions and their offspring were murdered and their houses looted. The pure and chaste women of the Prophet, Salla Allahu ta’ala ‘alayhi wa Sallam’s, neighbourhood were raped and the Prophet, Salla Allahu ta’ala ‘alayhi wa Sallam’s, Mosque was defacated such that no prayer took place therein for three days. After that the same army beseiged and attacked Makkah, the sacred sanctuary, and the Ka’aba was stoned and its cloth set on fire.

All of this was not perpetrated by a foreign or warring infidel army, but was the work of the supposed Islamic army of the ‘Caliph’ Yazeed. For these shameful and despicable acts Yazeed has been admonished and vilified throughout Islamic history. Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal said ”Can anyone who believes in Allah have Yazeed as a friend?!”

However with a lack of historical knowledge amongst the Muslims some have recently tried to rewrite it and present Yazeed in a positive light and criticise Imam Husayn, May Allah be pleased with him.This book aims to provide comprehensive evidence and rebukes any such misconception so ensuring the ordinary Muslim does not fall prey to these vile attempts and stays upon the teachings of the pious predecessors.

‘The Blessed Imam and the Wretched Yazeed’ analyses the character of Imam Husayn, Radi Allahu ta’ala anhu, and Yazeed and aims to provide the authentic Ahl as-Sunnah w’al-Jama’atviewpoint on the issue.  This is a translation of the famous Urdu book ‘Imam Paak aur Yazeed Pleedh

The politics of prisoner abuse- The united states and enemy prisoners after 9\11 by David P. Forsythe 
£20.99 + £3 postage and packaging 

When states are threatened by war and terrorism, can we really expect them to abide by human rights and humanitarian law? David Forsythe’s bold analysis of US policies towards terror suspects after 9/11 addresses this issue directly. Covering moral, political and legal aspects, he examines the abuse of enemy detainees at the hands of the US. At the centre of the debate is the Bush Administration, which Forsythe argues displayed disdain for international law, in contrast to the general public’s support for humanitarian affairs. He explores the similarities and differences between Presidents Obama and Bush on the question of prisoner treatment in an age of terrorism and asks how the Administration should proceed. The book traces the Pentagon’s and CIA’s records in mistreating prisoners, providing an account which will be of interest to all those who value humanitarian law.

The politics of prisoner abuse- The united states and enemy prisoners after 9\11 by David P. Forsythe
£20.99 + £3 postage and packaging

When states are threatened by war and terrorism, can we really expect them to abide by human rights and humanitarian law? David Forsythe’s bold analysis of US policies towards terror suspects after 9/11 addresses this issue directly. Covering moral, political and legal aspects, he examines the abuse of enemy detainees at the hands of the US. At the centre of the debate is the Bush Administration, which Forsythe argues displayed disdain for international law, in contrast to the general public’s support for humanitarian affairs. He explores the similarities and differences between Presidents Obama and Bush on the question of prisoner treatment in an age of terrorism and asks how the Administration should proceed. The book traces the Pentagon’s and CIA’s records in mistreating prisoners, providing an account which will be of interest to all those who value humanitarian law.

Islamist Terrorism Democracy in The Middle East 
By Katerina Dalacoura 
£19.99 + £3 postage and packaging 

What were the reasons behind the terrorist attacks of September 11th? Does the cause of Islamist terrorism relate to the lack of democracy in the Middle East? Through detailed research into the activities of both radical and moderate organizations across the Middle East, such as the Muslim Brotherhood, Hamas and Hizbullah, and via interviews with key personnel, Katerina Dalacoura investigates whether repression and political exclusion pushed Islamist entities to adopt terrorist tactics. She also explores whether inclusion in the political process has had the opposite effect of encouraging Islamist groups toward moderation and ideological pragmatism. In a challenge to the conventional wisdom, she concludes that Islamist terrorism is not a direct consequence of authoritarianism in the Middle East and that there are many key factors that generate radicalism.

Islamist Terrorism Democracy in The Middle East
By Katerina Dalacoura
£19.99 + £3 postage and packaging

What were the reasons behind the terrorist attacks of September 11th? Does the cause of Islamist terrorism relate to the lack of democracy in the Middle East? Through detailed research into the activities of both radical and moderate organizations across the Middle East, such as the Muslim Brotherhood, Hamas and Hizbullah, and via interviews with key personnel, Katerina Dalacoura investigates whether repression and political exclusion pushed Islamist entities to adopt terrorist tactics. She also explores whether inclusion in the political process has had the opposite effect of encouraging Islamist groups toward moderation and ideological pragmatism. In a challenge to the conventional wisdom, she concludes that Islamist terrorism is not a direct consequence of authoritarianism in the Middle East and that there are many key factors that generate radicalism.

Securitising Islam- Identity and search for security 
By Stuart Croft 
£20.99 + £3 postage and packaging 

Securitizing Islam examines the impact of 9/11 on the lives and perceptions of individuals, focusing on the ways in which identities in Britain have been affected in relation to Islam. ‘Securitization’ describes the processes by which a particular group or issue comes to be seen as a threat, and thus subject to the perceptions and actions which go with national security. Croft applies this idea to the way in which the attitudes of individuals to their security and to Islam and Muslims have been transformed, affecting the everyday lives of both Muslims and non-Muslims. He argues that Muslims have come to be seen as the ‘Other’, outside the contemporary conception of Britishness. Reworking securitisation theory and drawing in the sociology of ontological security studies, Securitizing Islam produces a theoretically innovative framework for understanding a contemporary phenomenon that affects the everyday lives of millions.

Securitising Islam- Identity and search for security
By Stuart Croft
£20.99 + £3 postage and packaging

Securitizing Islam examines the impact of 9/11 on the lives and perceptions of individuals, focusing on the ways in which identities in Britain have been affected in relation to Islam. ‘Securitization’ describes the processes by which a particular group or issue comes to be seen as a threat, and thus subject to the perceptions and actions which go with national security. Croft applies this idea to the way in which the attitudes of individuals to their security and to Islam and Muslims have been transformed, affecting the everyday lives of both Muslims and non-Muslims. He argues that Muslims have come to be seen as the ‘Other’, outside the contemporary conception of Britishness. Reworking securitisation theory and drawing in the sociology of ontological security studies, Securitizing Islam produces a theoretically innovative framework for understanding a contemporary phenomenon that affects the everyday lives of millions.

Israel’s Palestinians- The conflict within by Ilan Peleg & Dov Waxman 
£19.99 + £3
Email us at sales@daraltaqwa.com for a payment link

Arguing that a comprehensive and lasting solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict depends on a resolution of the Jewish-Palestinian conflict within Israel as much as it does on resolving the conflict between Israel and Palestinians in the Occupied Territories, this timely book explores the causes and consequences of the growing conflict between Israel’s Jewish majority and its Palestinian-Arab minority. It warns that if Jewish-Arab relations in Israel continue to deteriorate, this will pose a serious threat to the stability of Israel, to the quality of Israeli democracy and to the potential for peace in the Middle East. The book examines the views and attitudes of both the Palestinian minority and the Jewish majority, as well as the Israeli state’s historic approach to its Arab citizens. Drawing upon the experience of other states with national minorities, the authors put forward specific proposals for safeguarding and enhancing the rights of the Palestinian minority while maintaining the country’s Jewish identity.

Israel’s Palestinians- The conflict within by Ilan Peleg & Dov Waxman
£19.99 + £3
Email us at sales@daraltaqwa.com for a payment link

Arguing that a comprehensive and lasting solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict depends on a resolution of the Jewish-Palestinian conflict within Israel as much as it does on resolving the conflict between Israel and Palestinians in the Occupied Territories, this timely book explores the causes and consequences of the growing conflict between Israel’s Jewish majority and its Palestinian-Arab minority. It warns that if Jewish-Arab relations in Israel continue to deteriorate, this will pose a serious threat to the stability of Israel, to the quality of Israeli democracy and to the potential for peace in the Middle East. The book examines the views and attitudes of both the Palestinian minority and the Jewish majority, as well as the Israeli state’s historic approach to its Arab citizens. Drawing upon the experience of other states with national minorities, the authors put forward specific proposals for safeguarding and enhancing the rights of the Palestinian minority while maintaining the country’s Jewish identity.

This came in this morning!! ‘A Journey Through Islamic History- A timeline of key events by Yasminah Hashim & Muhammed beg

£18.99 + £5 P&P email us at: sales@daraltaqwa.com
1441 years of Islamic History? From 570 CE (54 BH)  to  2011 CE (1432 AH)
 A spell-binding coffee table book summarising eight periods in history

A Journey through Islamic History tells you all you ever wanted to know about the history of the Muslim world from the Prophet Muhammad to Malcolm X in a short, accessible and lavishly-illustrated format.



Suitable for  all ages (general readers, students & teachers).
Seven chronological essays covering 1500 years of history.
With over 175 pictures, illustrations and maps.
A comprehensive timeline with over 500 entries.
Textboxes featuring important personalities, key events and major ideas.
CONTENTS 

THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD - 570-630 CE/54 BH-11 AH
THE RIGHTLY-GUIDED CALIPHS - 632-661 CE/11-41 AH
THE UMMAYYADS - 661-750 CE/41-132 AH
THE ‘ABBASIDS - 750-1258 CE/132-656 AH
THE MAMLUKS - 1250-1517 CE/648-923 AH
THE OTTOMANS, SAFAVIDS AND MUGHALS - 1501-1924 CE/906-1342 AH
THE RISE OF EUROPEAN POWER - 1800-1924 CE/1214-1342AH
THE MODERN MUSLIM NATION-STATES 1924-2011 CE/1342-1432 AH
SHORT GLOSSARY
INDEX
PICTURE CREDITS
The first Entry on the  Impressive Timeline chart opens with the year 570 CE / 54 BH  ending in 2011 CE/1432 AH. A must for every library, college, school and home.

About the Authors

Yasmina Hashim is a twenty-one year old law student currently living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. She is an active member in multiple youth initiatives and involved in organizing five successful youth conferences. Meanwhile her main focus is in the initiative she co-founded “Lawyers United”; a union that brings together law students/graduates and lawyers in an effort to develop skills, discuss current legal issues and exchange experiences. She was also voted in as the President of Dar Al-Hekmah College’s Student Government for the year 2010-2011. Yasmina is continuing her bachelors degree in legal studies in Jeddah and in the near future aims to specialize in the area of international law. Her passion mainly evolves around social sciences, including law, politics and anthropology, as well as basketball.
Believing strongly in the value of history, Yasmina started writing A Journey through Islamic History at the age of seventeen, and upon publishing it she hopes to provide a simple reference to Islamic history for both families and young adults.

Dr. Muhammad Abdul Jabbar Beg was a lecturer in the Faculty of Islamic Studies at the University of Malaysia (1974-78). He was then promoted to the office of an Associate Professor (1979-1986) in the Department of Arabic Studies and Islamic Civilization. During the rest of his career he has been an Associate Professor at various Universities, including the University of Brunei. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge and has made useful contributions to knowledge through books, articles in journals and conference papers. He now lives in Cambridge and is closely associated with the University.

This came in this morning!! ‘A Journey Through Islamic History- A timeline of key events by Yasminah Hashim & Muhammed beg

£18.99 + £5 P&P email us at: sales@daraltaqwa.com
1441 years of Islamic History? From 570 CE (54 BH) to 2011 CE (1432 AH)
A spell-binding coffee table book summarising eight periods in history

A Journey through Islamic History tells you all you ever wanted to know about the history of the Muslim world from the Prophet Muhammad to Malcolm X in a short, accessible and lavishly-illustrated format.

Suitable for all ages (general readers, students & teachers).
Seven chronological essays covering 1500 years of history.
With over 175 pictures, illustrations and maps.
A comprehensive timeline with over 500 entries.
Textboxes featuring important personalities, key events and major ideas.
CONTENTS

THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD - 570-630 CE/54 BH-11 AH
THE RIGHTLY-GUIDED CALIPHS - 632-661 CE/11-41 AH
THE UMMAYYADS - 661-750 CE/41-132 AH
THE ‘ABBASIDS - 750-1258 CE/132-656 AH
THE MAMLUKS - 1250-1517 CE/648-923 AH
THE OTTOMANS, SAFAVIDS AND MUGHALS - 1501-1924 CE/906-1342 AH
THE RISE OF EUROPEAN POWER - 1800-1924 CE/1214-1342AH
THE MODERN MUSLIM NATION-STATES 1924-2011 CE/1342-1432 AH
SHORT GLOSSARY
INDEX
PICTURE CREDITS
The first Entry on the Impressive Timeline chart opens with the year 570 CE / 54 BH ending in 2011 CE/1432 AH. A must for every library, college, school and home.

About the Authors

Yasmina Hashim is a twenty-one year old law student currently living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. She is an active member in multiple youth initiatives and involved in organizing five successful youth conferences. Meanwhile her main focus is in the initiative she co-founded “Lawyers United”; a union that brings together law students/graduates and lawyers in an effort to develop skills, discuss current legal issues and exchange experiences. She was also voted in as the President of Dar Al-Hekmah College’s Student Government for the year 2010-2011. Yasmina is continuing her bachelors degree in legal studies in Jeddah and in the near future aims to specialize in the area of international law. Her passion mainly evolves around social sciences, including law, politics and anthropology, as well as basketball.
Believing strongly in the value of history, Yasmina started writing A Journey through Islamic History at the age of seventeen, and upon publishing it she hopes to provide a simple reference to Islamic history for both families and young adults.

Dr. Muhammad Abdul Jabbar Beg was a lecturer in the Faculty of Islamic Studies at the University of Malaysia (1974-78). He was then promoted to the office of an Associate Professor (1979-1986) in the Department of Arabic Studies and Islamic Civilization. During the rest of his career he has been an Associate Professor at various Universities, including the University of Brunei. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge and has made useful contributions to knowledge through books, articles in journals and conference papers. He now lives in Cambridge and is closely associated with the University.